Offset Lithography Printing

Offset lithography

Offset lithography is a process used for printing on a flat surface, using printing plates which are thin metal paper of plastic plates. An image is transferred to a printing plate, which can be made of a variety of materials such as metal or paper. The plate is then chemically treated so that only image areas (such as type, colors, shapes and other elements) will accept ink. Water and ink is applied to the plate. Because of the chemical treatment, ink only "sticks" to the image areas, which reject the water. Areas without images reject the ink. The plate is then rolled onto a rubber cylinder applying the inked area, and in turn the rubber cylinder (or "blanket") applies the image to the paper. The system is "offset" because the plate does not come in direct contact with the paper, which preserves the quality of the plate. Offset printing is its high and consistent image quality. The process can be used for small, medium or high-volume jobs. It is normally use to print magazine, book

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Silk Screening Printing Technique

Silk Screening

Silk screening is a process which is used to create prints on a wide variety of materials, from fabric to wood. Many commercial printers use silk screening to print, since it is cheap and easy, and when done well, it results in high quality prints. Home crafters and fine artists also use the silk screening technique for projects, and it is relatively easy to learn. People who want to learn how to make high quality screen prints may want to consider taking a class to learn the basics.

To silk screen, a very fine mesh is stretched tightly onto a frame. This mesh was made from silk until the mid-twentieth century, although it is usually polyester today. A negative design is created on the screen using a variety of techniques, and ink is rolled or sponged onto the screen, which is pressed onto the object being printed. Most printers use a squeegee or a similar tool to gently press the ink onto the printed product before removing the screen and hanging the print up to dry.

Most people use photosensitive screens for screen printing. The screen is covered in a light sensitive emulsion which reacts to UV light. The artist places a stencil of the desired pattern on the screen, exposes it, and washes the screen. The areas exposed to light will harden, creating an impenetrable layer, while the covered areas of the emulsion will wash away, allowing ink to pass through. Multicolored prints can be produced through silk screening with the use of different screens. The CMYK color process can be used to create very complex color designs, which are printed with the lightest color first and the darkest last. Many crafters like silk screening because it is fun, easy, reusable and it can produce excellent quality work under trained hands. It also requires fairly minimal equipment, and none of the equipment used is very expensive except for the light sensitive emulsion used to make screens. Silk screen printing specially be found on garments such as jean, shorts and t-shirt.

Graphic Lab, 2010

Screen Printing,  2011

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Letterpress Printing Technique

Letterpress Printing

Letterpress is the oldest form of printing. In this method, a surface with raised letters is inked and pressed to the surface of the printing substrate (paper) to reproduce an image in reverse. Typically, metal type has been used but other possibilities include carved wood or stone blocks.

After the Gutenberg press introduced movable type to the process in the 15th century, letterpress was the predominant printing method for 500 years. The creation of huge rotary presses made industrial printing and newspaper production practical.

By the 1950s other type of printing such as xerography and offset began to supplant letterpress and by the end of the 20th century, digital printing and related technologies had become the industry standard for many uses. Nevertheless, letterpress is still used for some specialized commercial applications. The old method is also enjoying resurgence among modern-day enthusiasts who prize the hand-made qualities and historical nature of letterpress print. Nerveless letterpress printing is not a quick and easy it’s hard, long work but it yields warmth and a tactile quality that just can't be achieved with any other printing technique. Especially when combined with soft papers, letterpress printing conveys a beauty that leaves a lasting impression. Letterpress can be found on marriage card, post card, files and chocolate wrap or box.

PC WORDSMITHS, JUNE 2010

Jessica Hische, 2010

Gravure Printing Technique

Gravure Printing

Gravure is a printing method in which an image is applied to a printing substrate by use of a metal plate mounted on a cylinder. Unlike other processes, gravure uses a depressed or sunken surface for the desired image. The image to be reproduced is engraved into the metal plate, sometimes with the use of a laser or electronically all the image are screened, creating thousands of tiny cells on the metal plate. These tiny cells carry the ink from the tray while the excess of ink is stripped off by the means of a blade. The impression roller is presses the web (roll of plastic or paper) against the form cylinder and the ink penetrates into the web creating the printed image by capillary action which draws the ink upward against the force of gravity to enters the web. The printed web is then dried in ovens between one printing unit and the next by high velocity heated air. After the last color has been applied and dried, the web is wound back into the original roll form. Gravure printing presses configuration is particularly flexible; these machines are best suitable for the production of all kinds of packaging materials with various formats. These prints can be found on cans food, boxes, and bottles such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta and many more.

Nick Lovegrouve.2010

CNC Design.2009

Flexography Printing Technique

Flexography 

Flexography printing is frequently used for printing on plastic, foil, acetate film, brown paper, and other materials used in packaging; flexography uses flexible printing plates made of rubber or plastic. The inked plates with a slightly raised image are rotated on a cylinder which transfers the image to the substrate. Flexography uses fast-drying inks, is a high-speed print process, can print on many types of absorbent and non-absorbent materials, and can print continuous patterns (such as for gift wrap and wallpaper).

Also known as flexographic printing or flexo, some typical applications for flexography are paper and plastic bags, milk cartons, disposable cups, and candy bar wrappers. Flexographic printing may also be used for envelopes, labels, and newspapers.

http://www.labelsunlimited.co.uk

Andy Cruz, July 2010

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The Structure and operation of the design industry

The Structure and operation of the design industry

The structure of the graphic design industry can differ for example in an adverting agency it depends on the type of client that it severs. Normally there is a general organizational structure for a traditional advertising agency. However and well established agency contains five different departments account management, account planning, creative, media planning and human resources. These five down into different focused departments with particular responsibilities that complete that advertising process in a successful and effective manner for better results to satisfy the client.

• Account Management
  Account management is responsible for overseeing the client's account as a whole. For example, a client meets with the manager of the account and the discussion of campaign needs takes place. Once the direction of the campaign has been established, the account-planning department takes over the strategizing for the advertising campaign.
• Account Planning Department
  The account-planning department develops a creative brief, which is a blueprint for the direction of the advertising campaign. Other responsibilities of the account-planning department include strategizing what aspects need to be included in the campaign, as well as research.
• Creative Department
  Once the creative brief and research have been completed, the creative department develops the artwork and copy writing for the campaign. The creative department must take the creative brief and communicate the client's needs through graphics and copy writing.
• Media Planning Department
  The media-planning department contacts media companies and researches the most accurate channel to place the advertising components in. For example, an ad for a gas station is appropriate for outdoor advertising, while an ad for an interactive magazine is more effective within an online flashing banner advertisement.
• Human Resource Department
  The human resource department is in charge of scouting new talent for the advertising agency and making sure that everything runs smoothly in the process of interviewing new candidates.

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Design Associations

Design Associations

Design associations are organizations where designers work for the future in the design field that they wish. They have a vision and a mission in each association that is either to promote their design sector or to assist other members. There are several associations divided in several fields around or throughout the world. Here are some examples of design associations:-

Australian Graphic Design Association (AGDA)

The Australian Graphic Design Association (AGDA) is the peak national organization for professional graphic designers. It was founded in 1988 to facilitate the advancement of the graphic design profession in Australia.

The goal of the AGDA is to establishment a fair, productive working and more trustful relationship between graphic designers and their clients. We do this by providing designers with the tools and information to take control of their professional lives. We also work on increasing the awareness value and importance of graphic design in business, education and also in culture.

AIGA
AIGA, the professional association for design, stimulates thinking about design, demonstrates the value of design and empowers the success of designers at each stage of their careers. AIGA’s mission is to advance design in professional craft, strategic tool and vital cultural force. It was founded in 1914 AIGA remains the oldest and largest professional membership organization for design, and is also a nonprofit educational institution.

International Interior Design Association (IIDA)

The vision and mission of the International Interior Design Association stands for the Future of Design. IIDA, with respect for past accomplishments of Interior Design leaders, strives to create a strong niche for the most talented and visionary Interior Design professionals, to elevate the profession or talent to completely next level and to lead the way for the next generation of Interior Design innovators. The Association provides a forum to demonstrate design professionals’ impact on the health, safety, well-being and virtual soul of the public, balancing passion for good design and strategy for best business practices. IIDA stands at the intersection of passion and strategy where designers create unique interiors and experiences


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Legal Requirements to get job in design industry

Legal Requirements to get job in design industry

Graphic designers create logos and images that are used in the promotion and marketing of a product or service. People in graphic design typically have a talent for drawing and creativity. The goal of a designer is to produce something that is eye catching and will draw the attention of consumer. Applied art that is used to convey a message would fall into the category of graphic design.


Education

Individuals with a bachelor's or associate's degree are the ones who will most likely succeed in graphic design. Bachelor's degrees in fine art or graphic design are offered at most universities. Degrees will focus on studio art, design, production, printing and even website creation. There are several online colleges that offer graphic design, such as Savannah college of Art and Design.

Other Qualifications

Those seeking a career in graphic design should be creative, excellent communicators and problem solvers. They should also be able to put their ideas on paper. A portfolio should be created in order to show off a candidate's work to a potential employer. Average salaries for trained graphic designers are around $43,000 per year.

Employment

Many graphic designers work for themselves as freelance designers, while others secure salaried positions with corporations or ad agencies. Graphic design artists also work for newspapers, magazines and other publications by developing the overall layout of print. Graphic designers produce signs and other promotional products for company use and often produce the credits that run before and after TV shows and films.

Job Outlook

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of graphic designers is expected to grow. This expansion comes mainly from the video game and film industry. Graphic designers will also have a solid, stable future with web design as more companies are engaging in Internet commerce. Job competition is expected and individuals should have experience with computer design software.

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Skills requirements to get job in design industry

Skills requirements to get job in design industry

There are 10 important or essential skills that that every graphic designer should have in order to be able to handle a client or employers tasks in a professional way. In many cases designer have excellent artistic abilities and many years of experience, however what separates the “must re-hire” from the rest is the following acquired skills. The following skills will not only make you a more valuable member of a team, but they will also make you much more feasible hire and greediness allowing you to raise your rates in exchange for quality. Here are some of the skills needed to be able to handle a client or reaches new height.



Style Compared to No Style
Style can be acknowledged as a designer’s signature. When your design needs to reach a targeted audience, whichever styles the audience has been familiarized with can be a valuable addition to the design tools at hand. It is the key that every designer should be comfortable and drawn to their own style. As every project you approach is unique, your style has to leave an imprint on the minds of the audience.

Most designers, (especially the novice) tend to adopt a wide range of contemporary styles for the sake of being well rounded or familiarized. However, style can be whatever the designer desires as long as it’s unique and brings structure to the design.

Creative Thinking

An important asset skilled to a graphic design artist is their ability to take something that is deficient or incomplete and turn it into something remarkable. A graphic designer should be lucid about discovering and producing the picture that other people are trying to express with words and desire. The picture may not always be clear at first, but this is where creativity stands out.

Print Design and Layout

Print Design and layout is one of most look at after skills employers seek in designers is an understanding of digital print production. The ability to use a page layout program also sometimes called a desktop publishing program for example Adobe, InDesign, or Quark is vital as well. Print design also requires an understanding of concepts like color separations, grid layout, and master pages. Every professional graphic designer should possess thorough knowledge of the printing process.

Photography

If you wish to be perceived as a well-rounded graphic designer, sooner or later you will need to take pictures. If you are fortunate enough to work for a company which supplies you with a camera, utilize it. What sort of camera could meet the standards of a designer? A camera that can provide enough light to adequately illuminate the subject. This can be done with a built-in flash or with an add-on flash.


Networking

To be successful in any career the guidance and support of others is very important. This is especially for designers who need to spend most of their time in their offices or studios. Building a network of individuals who have a common interest in your career, through: other Designers, Marketing Experts, Web Designers, Design Blogs, Design Magazines, Photographers, SEO’s, Magazines, and Publishers is one of the most effective ways to strengthen your network.

Communication

Communication is a very important skill a designer will use throughout his career. The ability to communicate is fundamental or essential to everything a designer does but this task does not begin or end with visual communication. Designers have to be able to articulate their ideas and concepts to employers and clients with ease and fluently. In addition graphic designers need to be able to write well organized briefs, proposals and instructions for others to follow.
Social Media Marketing

This skill is essential to any individual needing to promote themselves, their products or even their services in today’s marketplace. A firm should understand the value of social media applications for example: - Myspace, Facebook, Twitter, and Digg and how to properly use them to build relationships with an audience as well as brand recognition which will only become important and valuable in the future.

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Employment Opportunities (types of jobs in design industry)

Employment Opportunities (types of jobs in design industry)

Graphic designers have a great variety of job opportunities as it is divided in many different fields. It is a job that keeps expanding over the years. Here some jobs opportunities that people gets in design industry:-

Self Employed (freelance)
A freelancer or is a self-employed person working in a profession or trade in which full-time employment by a single employer is also common. The word's etymology derives from the medieval term for a mercenary soldier, a 'freelance' for example a soldier who is not attached to any particular master or government and can be hired for the task at hand.

Fields where freelancing is especially common include journalism and other forms of writing, and computer programming and other technical specialties. In the former, pay is usually on a per job basis or it can also be charge per hour.

Graphic Designer
Creates layouts and designs of logos, packaging, advertising, marketing collateral, and other published materials in print and online. Selects and arranges photos, type, illustrations, and color. Collaborates with Copywriters and Art Directors on concepts. Can conduct press checks.

Creative Director
Responsible for the creative strategies and direction of advertising and marketing materials and campaigns. Supervises the work of art directors, copywriters, and designers. Evaluates and ensures the quality of creative content for new-business and client pitches. Can have a copywriting or art direction background.

Art Director
Sets the stylistic and artistic direction of advertising and marketing materials and campaigns in print, TV, and on the Internet. Oversees the work of designers, illustrators and photographers. Often collaborates with a copywriter in developing creative ideas. Works in both agency and corporate settings.

Website Designer
Creates designs and layouts for websites, corporate intranets, email communications, logos, and online interfaces. Also designs materials for Web-based advertising and marketing campaigns. Selects and arranges photos, type, illustrations, and color. Collaborates with Web Content Writers on blending copy with designs.

Animation Designer
Using animation and graphics software, designs and develops 2-D and 3-D animations for a variety of media and purposes. Creates characters, special effects, and graphics for websites, broadcast, multimedia presentations, training, games, and corporate presentations.

Multi-Media Designer
Designs and develops multimedia presentations combining still images, sound, text, video, and animations. Creates presentations for CDs, websites, and interactive media, which are used in training, games, corporate presentations, and as sales tools. Has knowledge of graphics and animation software and Web technologies.

Illustrator
Conceives and develops original artwork for publications, advertisements, and marketing collateral. Creates illustrations for print and electronic publication using traditional media like pen and ink and airbrush as well as design and illustration software. Can specialize in technical, architectural, and other kinds of illustrations.

Traffic Manager
Responsible for the scheduling and workflow of advertising and marketing communications projects among agency departments, clients, and vendors. Manages and revises timelines and estimates. Routes layouts, copy, proofs, and other project elements for approval and production.

Traffic Coordinator
Coordinates the scheduling and workflow of advertising and marketing communications projects under the supervision of the Traffic Manager.

Story Board Artist
Draws sketches of TV commercials for advertising clients before production begins. Creates a series of panels, which include scenes, copy, and the angles of shots. Uses pencil, pen and ink, and story-boarding software.

Prepress Specialist
Prepares documents and digital files for printing. Duties can include checking graphics files for correct formats; working with color separations; making plates; and preparing prepress proofs. Responsible for a pre-flight checklist to ensure that all prepress procedures have been followed.

Instructional Designer
Designs, develops, and delivers instructional and training materials in a variety of media (print, multimedia, Web) and formats (instructor-led, self-paced, and online). Collaborates with creative teams, technical staff, and subject-matter experts. Tests and assesses the effectiveness of training materials.

User Interface Designer
Determines the overall structure and flow of information on Web pages and websites. Ensures that users of websites and corporate intranets can navigate them logically and intuitively to find the information they need. Improves the experience of website users.

Production Artist
Assists design teams in graphic production for collateral, packaging, display and advertising projects. Should be strong in programs such as Quark, Illustrator, and Photoshop. Have solid knowledge of four-color printing process, and the ability to pre-flight, collect files and archive materials.

Story Board Artist
Draws sketches of TV commercials for advertising clients before production begins. Creates a series of panels, which include scenes, copy, and the angles of shots. Uses pencil, pen and ink, and story boarding software.

Production Manager
Oversees the production of advertising and marketing communications materials. Sets print production a schedule negotiates with and selects vendors and tracks and manages budgets and costs. Communicates technical information to design staff. Attends press checks and gives final approvals.

Producer
Manages creative projects from conception to completion. Responsible for delivering projects on time and on budget. Works with creative teams on assigning team members and defining tasks and project needs. Develops and oversees budgets and schedules identifies and resolves production problems and selects and negotiates with vendors.

Prepress Specialist
Prepares documents and digital files for printing. Duties can include checking graphics files for correct formats; working with color separations; making plates; and preparing prepress proofs. Responsible for a pre-flight checklist to ensure that all prepress procedures have been followed.


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Graphic Design Industry Sectors

Graphic Design Industry Sectors

The graphic design industry is a sector that keeps expanding over the years. There are different types of graphic design industry sectors:-

• Illustration
  
  Illustration is the use of examples to make ideas more concrete and to make generalizations more specific and details. Examples are a ways to enable writers not just to tell but to show what they mean. For example, an essay about recently developed alternative sources of energy becomes clear and very interesting with the use of some examples like solar energy or the heat from the earth's core. The more specific the example, the more effective it is. Along with general statements about solar energy, the writer might offer several examples of how the home building industry is installing solar collectors or panels instead of conventional hot water systems, or building solar greenhouses to replace conventional central heating. These types of ideas or example or ideas make people want to read the essay.
• Advertising 
  
  Advertising is a form of communication normally used to persuade an audience, viewers, readers or even listeners to take actions related to products. Most commonly, these action or results are there to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, although political and ideological advertising which is also common. Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed thought various traditional media that also include mass media such as newspaper, magazines, television commercial, radio advertisement, outdoor advertising or direct mail and new media such as websites and text messages.
• Animation 
  Animation is a simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames. Cartoons on television are one example of animation. Animation on computers is the main ingredients of multimedia presentations. There are many software applications that enable you to create animations that you can display on a computer monitor. Animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion where as video takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames. Therefore there is a difference between animation and video which people often mistaken.
• Website design
  
  Describes the tasks of designing HTML driven web pages to be displayed over the World Wide Web. Web design encompasses a number of important elements including color, layout, and overall graphical appearance. Web designers consider the site's audience, function, and traffic to specific sections when deciding designs. Web design has become a very lucrative business as more and more companies create websites.
• Desktop publishing
  Desktop publishing is the use of the computer and specialized software to create documents for desktop or commercial printing. Desktop publishing refers to the process of using the computer to produce documents such as newsletters, brochures, books, and other publications that were once created manually using a variety of non-computer techniques along with large complex phototypesetting machines. Today desktop publishing software does it all - almost. But before PageMaker and other desktop publishing software there were e-scales, paste-up, and other non-desktop computer ways of putting together a design for printing.
  
  
• Exhibition and display design
  
  An exhibition is an organized presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur within museums, galleries and exhibition halls, and World's Fairs. Exhibition includes a major of art museums and small art galleries; interpretive exhibitions, as at natural history museums and history museums, for example and commercial exhibitions or a trade fairs.
  
  Display design a field of the decorative arts that includes the temporary festive decoration of streets, public squares, and industrial sites window dressing and the design of decorations and displays for demonstrations, public holidays, athletic events, parades, and various types of exhibitions. Display design that makes use of the expressive resources of architecture, sculpture, painting, graphics, theater, film-making, and lighting. It also interacts with the existing architecture. We can say that display design is similar to stage design. However, in traditional theater the set and other visual elements are perceived from a single external point of view, that is, the audience hall, whereas in display design the spectator is usually inside a multidimensional space, such as an exhibition, he makes himself a participant in the artistic resolution of the action, as in a demonstration.
• Corporate Identity design
   
  Corporate Identity design is a combination of color schemes, designs, words and so on that a firm employs to make a visual statement about itself and to communicate its business philosophy. It is an enduring symbol of a firm about how views itself, how it want to be viewed by others, how others recognize and remember it. Unlike corporate image (which is 'in there' changeable mental impression), corporate identity is an 'out there' sensory experience conveyed by things such as buildings, decor, logo, name, slogan, stationery, uniforms, and is largely unaffected by its financial performance and ups and downs in its fortunes. Corporate-identity is either strong or weak (not positive, negative, nor neutral like a corporate image) and it is more or less permanent unless changed deliberately.
• Multimedia Design
  
  Multimedia Design is a way of communicating a concept or information by the use of website, CD-ROM or kiosk, usually in an interactive form. Television uses multimedia specialists in the non-interactive form. Many different varieties of media and techniques are used in production. As a multimedia professional you will be skilled in manipulating images and information from a variety of sources including audio, video, still images, animation, physical objects, text, soundtracks and digital data using computer applications and related visual and sound techniques. There are two types of multimedia designer interactive and non-interactive.
  
  Interactive designer works on kiosks, interactive DVDs, Blu-ray Apps, and Web Design. Audio, Video, Animation, Photos and more can be elements in the overall design of the output. But it is the Graphical User Interface (GUI) that sets Interactive design apart from Audio Visual Design. There has to be some sort of navigation involved that gives the user the choice of which content they choose to access and when to access it. So as an Interactive Multimedia Specialist, it will be your job to make sure that all media elements tie in together effectively, AND the user can easily navigate to find the information that they seek through the Graphical User Interface and non-interactive designer works with output such as TV & the Internet. Commercials, websites using Flash or HTML5, and movies are all examples of work that an Audio Visual Specialist might have his or her hands in, they are the kind of work that can be seen.
• Packaging
  
  Packaging is more than just your product's pretty face. Your package design may affect everything from breakage rates in shipment to whether stores will be willing to stock it. For example, "display ability" is an important concern. The original slanted roof metal container used for Log Cabin Syrup was changed to a design that was easier to stack or store after grocers became reluctant to devote the necessary amounts of shelf space to the awkward packages. Other distribution related packaging considerations include:-

Labeling: - You may be required to include certain information on the label of your product when it is distributed in specific ways. For example, labels of food products sold in retail outlets must contain information about their ingredients and nutritional value.

Opening: - If your product is one that will be distributed in such a way that customers will be able to sample or examine it before buying, your packaging will have to be easy to open and to reclose. If, on the other hand, your product should not be opened by anyone other than the purchaser for instance then the packaging will have to be designed to resist and reveal tampering.

Size: - If your product must be shipped a long distance to its distribution point, then bulky or heavy packaging may add too much to transportation costs.

Durability: - Many products endure rough handling between their production point and their ultimate consumer. If your distribution system can't be relied upon to protect your product, your packaging will have to do the job.

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What Is Graphic Design

What Is Graphic Design?

Graphic design is normally to create something that is pleasant to the eyes and get the attention of viewers by using a visual problem solving of arranging image or text to communicate a message. Graphic design is found in many aspects from a corporate identity, to magazine, advertisements on billboard newspaper and also as architectural signage on a building to surface graphics on everyday products. We can also say that graphic design forms part of our daily life as we can see it all around us. Graphic designer uses visual language to inform, educate and entertain people or viewers.

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Everything You Need To Know About The Apple Logo

Paul Rand

The American graphic designer Paul Rand was born Peretz Rosenbaum in New York in 1914. Paul Rand was a true pioneer of American graphic design, developing numerous memorable logos for distinguished firms such as Westinghouse, Next Computer, IBM, United Parcel Service (UPS), and the American Broadcasting Company (abc) as well as Yale University and apple.
From 1929 until 1934, Paul Rand studied in New York at Pratt Institute, the Parsons School of Design, and the Art Students League. Paul Rand's early works reveal the influence of the European avant-garde of the day, Cubism and Constructivism as well as the Bauhaus and Rand also applied their design principles to graphic design.
From 1936 until 1941 Paul Rand was art director of "Esquire" and "Apparel Arts “magazines. Between 1938 and 1945 Rand designed the much admired covers of "Direction" magazine. From 1941 until 1954 Paul Rand worked for the New York advertising agency William H. Weintraub, where he collaborated with the copywriter Bill Bernbach. From 1956 Paul Rand freelance as a graphic designer and consultant for Westinghouse and IBM.
In addition, Paul Rand was a professor of graphic design at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Paul Rand wrote several important books on design, including "Thoughts on Design" (1947), "Design and the Play Instinct" (1955), "A designer's Art" (1985), and "Design, Form and Chaos" (1993).

 Available at: - http://www.lifeclever.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/paul_rand.jpg

Available at: - http://famouslogos.org/logos/apple-old-logos.jpg

Creativity (what is new or different from the way it has been done in the past?)

The apple logo has a very unique history. The earliest logo was Sir Isaac Newton sitting under a tree where he derived his theorems of gravity. The apple itself in the Apple logo today symbolizes the identity of the Apple brand. The apple logo just before we look at today, consist of seven colours just like a rainbow speaking of the separation of white light and the introduction of colors to the IT products. The apple logo today also pays tribute to the legend Alan Turing who had committed suicide after eating a cyanide-laced apple. The modern and unique design enables the Apple logo to stand out from the rest of the motifs to signify the quality standards of its produces. The modern and unique design enables the Apple logo to stand out the rest of the motifs to signify the quality standards it produces as it is clear and very simple.

Use of emotional elements (what are they?)

The apple logo creates a lot of emotion towards people and the society first of all the colours in the logo are easily detectable and attracts people intention easily then we have the apple with a bite taken from its right side. It also features a leaf tilted toward the right hand side. When people look at the apple logo they think of the apple store, the friendly people dressed in bright coloured clothing, a clean atmosphere in which everything is well-designed. Furthermore, when we interact with customer service in-store or via phone support, they get the same feelings.

Quality of the message (clear or muddy, important or trivial)
The message of the apple logo is hidden and quite muddy the bite taken from the right side of the apple is the history of the legendary, Alan Turing who had committed suicide after eating a cyanide-laced apple. Many people do not know the history of apple logo they think that apple logo is here only to represent the company, it product and its qualities. The old logo as a complete different history it was “was Sir Isaac Newton sitting under a tree where he derived his theorems of gravity” whereas the new not represents Alan Turing. An apple is what the entire Apple logo consists of, speaking for its identity on its own.

Use of spiritual elements (what are they?)

The simple logo of the apple with colours inside it has a lot of meaning. The apple appears in many religious traditions and folktales often as a mystical or forbidden fruit. The six colours inside of the apple logo are red for angry, blue for calmness, orange for peace, yellow for wisdom and green for nature they are the colour found in a rainbow. The word apple was used as a generic term for all (foreign) fruits other than berries, but including nuts in the 17^th century.

Use of challenging elements (what is challenging and why?)

He surely has done a lot of analysis and research before reaching his final as the logo has made a great success everyone around the world knows about the apple logo and his designs too. The designer had to make sure that the logo does not affect any one and can be uses for years without having an effect on the society

Craftsmanship (what is done to perfection?)

The craftsmanship in this logo is the balance, rhythm and texture use for the making of the logo. The position of the element use and colour should be well balance, and also in harmony.  The first logo of the apple was a painted logo Paul Rand had to know where and how to place the logo inside of the apple logo. He also had to decide which part has to be bitten so that the logo appears natural. With the advance of technology the apple logo is re-design on the computer.

Use of humor or entertainment (what are they?)

The apple logo is seen in a lot of movies and comics too for example the Simpsons and South Park which are great comics in the USA and also around the world.  We can see the apple logo use as a forbidden fruit in many story books. People say that the apple products are just like a forbidden or magic apple as everyone one has one of its products or want one but can’t afford it as it is quite expensive.

Commercial Success (what is its impact on other designers and society in general?)

The apple logo has made a great success, everyone around the world can identify the apple logo even six years old child can identify it. Apple has even t-shirt and other accessories with the apple logo printed on it and people enjoy buying these items.  We people sees the apple logo they think about the quality and the price as apple products are quite expensive. Apple is considered has a luxury item or product.

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Paul Rand Famous Corporate Logo

TABLE OF CONTENT

Who is Paul Rand.
Famous for his corporate logo designs.
About the "IBM" logo.
About the Westing House logo.
About the UPS logo.
About the ABC logo.
Reference lists.

Who is Paul Rand ?

Paul was born under the Jewish name of Peretz Rosenbaum on August 15, 1914 in Brooklyn, New York. His love for art started from a very young age such as painting signs for his father’s grocery store and signs for his school events, unfortunately father did not have an eye for any art. He had Paul attend Manhattan’s Harren High School for his education and had him take any other art classes he wanted at spare times. Paul Rand first job was a part-time position where he created stock images for a company that supplied graphics to many different newspapers and magazines. People says that is works never aged, some had called him the “greatest living graphic designer” and many had seen him as "an idealist and a realist using the language of the poet and the businessman. He thinks in terms of need and function. He is able to analyze his problems, but his fantasy is boundless.

Picture of Paul Rand.

Famous for his corporate logo designs

These are some of Paul Rand famous works beside his work he was quite a successful man himself.

About the "IBM" logo.

(Created in 1972)

The best known Rand’s project is IBM logo, in fact, this company is one of the most important in informatics area and while entering the electronic era, there was some questioning about the image this company presented to the public. Rand decided to clean the old logo (a globe atop a simple line of tip) using as brand only the three letters IBM.

The result was solid and balanced, in 1972, the logo was improved. The solid letters were replaced by horizontal stripes, suggesting speed and dynamism. The IBM logo so looks like it was made by machine, instead of by hand and moreover it’s like the thin parallel lines to protect the signature against counterfeiting. In this way logo is an image of expertise, innovation, service and trust, thereby reinforcing the strength of IBM in the industry. If observed closely, the striped logo generates a message of “Equality” with its color, the lower right parallel lines, highlights in the shape of an “equals” sign.

Rand also designed packaging and marketing materials for IBM among which there’s the “Eye-Bee-poster”. It is a easy rebus to discover the name of the industry. In place of the letter I there is a drawn eye that has a similar pronunciation. In place of the B there is a bee, for the same reason of I. The only letter that remains the same is the striped M, as a link to original logo, his structure and color. The background color (black) help to make all much more unitary and the drawn elements are stylized, easy to understand so to stimulate mind and curiosity of people reading it. Although Rand’s logos may be interpreted as simplistic, he was quick to point out that.

About the Westing House logo.

(Created in 1960)

The project that made Paul Rand really famous in Corporate Identify design is that for Westinghouse Electric, one of the most powerful corporations in the United States for electric products. The basis of their success was originally the sale of energy.

The Westinghouse logo as Rand redesigned it in 1960 is a great simplification and updating of the previous logo, which if you look at historical advertising is somewhat similar. Simplicity and immediacy are the basis of Rand’s design.

Logo is a W in a circle. A the top of the W there are three circle, in this way it is not only a letters but also in a symbol representing the energy currents. So changing a type Rand can represent both the first letter of Westinghouse and its products. It's absolutely brilliant in its simplicity and execution. As typeface is used the Westinghouse Gothic Book, a quite condensed sans-serif.

The kerning and letter-spacing is negative to make the letters closest. Its particular the ligature between S and T that is a unique

Direction feature of the Westinghouse logotype. And connecting two letters the result is more unified; moreover this contact is another link to electric energy.

About the UPS logo.

(Created in 1961)

In 1961 Paul Rand was called by UPS to remake the corporate identity thanks to his earlier great works. UPS is a package delivery company. His challenge, in this case, was to transform the out-of-date shield into a modern image.

 The old one was like Roman coats, old style. So he streamlined the contours, used a lower case letter and placed a simple drawing of a package on the top of the shield. He made the more simplified version of UPS logo. The bow-tied package above the familiar shield express the mission of the company: secure package delivery.

 The lines and overall shape create a composition that’s well-balanced and well proportioned. Another aspect is the color; he used only the brown, color that is the trademark of the company, without other shades, like in the other versions of the logo, so he made a good job balancing white spaces and the brown one. His UPS logo remained the same for 42 years, still 2003.

Another logo made in 1961 is that for ABC. The American Broadcasting Company is a leading American television network. So Paul Rand designed a new logo which was introduced in the fall of 1962, this is the current logo, now used for 50 years.

About the ABC logo.

(Created in 1962)

This logo is one of the most iconic and memorable logo designs ever created. The message is clear and beauty, moreover it conveys to the wide and diverse audience of the network. The logo consisted of a simple black circle with the lowercase letters “abc”. The use of negative space, and simplicity, combined in a circle, provided a clear and consistent message to the audience. The curves of the circle era stressed by the rounded type. This is a project clearly influenced by Bauhaus; for this logo, intended for media, is used the Bauhaus font family, with simple lines, using white on black. The result is elegant and really recognizable.

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